Changes: Injecting insulin

Revision as of 09:26, 29 August 2014

1-3 — Close-up illustration of a syringe needle showing bevel, point and heel.

Injecting insulin at home is done subcutaneously, under the skin, but not into muscle or vein. See also Syringe and Insulin pen.

How to inject subcutaneously

It's best to pull up some loose skin into a tent^[1]^[2], then insert the needle firmly, bevel side up^[3]^[4] for comfort^[5].

Propinj — Correct way to give an injection when "tenting" the skin. This makes sure the insulin is injected into the skin flap created by "tenting" it. When the skin "tent" is released, the injected insulin is under it, or subcutaneous.

Improp — Wrong way to give a shot: The needle has totally passed through the "tented skin". The insulin, or any other injected drug, will be injected into the air. Note that in this graphic, the injection point is much closer to the "pinch" area holding the "tent" up. In the correct graphic, the injection point is closer to the body.

{C BD has animations with narrations to help you learn how to draw insulin properly^[6]. One can select from drawing one insulin or combining two insulins in the same syringe. Selecting this and the style of syringe you use personalizes the demo for your needs. The presentation is very clear and unhurried.

BD also has a slideshow which shows how to inject your dog^[7] or cat^[8].

Injection tips

Do NOT wipe the needle with alcohol as it removes the protective coating. The coating makes injection easier and less painful^[9].

Injecting any insulin at the same site repeatedly over time or blunting a needle with re-use^[10] can cause a lipodystrophy: either lipoatrophy^[11] or lipohypertrophy. Either makes absorption unreliable. But varying the injection site can cause variability in action profile, too. This page illustrates^[12] illustrates the most common areas humans with diabetes inject insulin and explains how absorption differs in various areas of the human body. This is true for ALL insulins. The new shot area needn't be very far from where the last shot was given--the distance of the width of 2 fingers will do fine as a measure^[13]. Most of us dealing with pet diabetes vary the side we give the injections in--right side mornings and left side evenings, for example. This is another help in avoiding giving shots in the same areas^[14].

Many people give insulin shots in the scruff of the pet's neck, which is now considered to be a less than optimum choice. The neck area provides poor insulin Absorption, due to it not having many capillaries, veins. etc. (vascularization). Other sites suggested by Dr. Greco include the flank and armpit^[15]. Intervet recommends giving injections from just back of the shoulder blades to just in front of the hipbone on either side, from 1 to 2 inches from the middle of the back^[16].

To eliminate bubbles: If drawing insulin from a vial, set the syringe plunger to the dosage you want to draw, put the needle into the top of the vial while the vial is still upright, and push all the air out of the syringe. This will maintain air pressure equilibrium in the vial once you draw the dose and, because the vial is upright, will not cause air bubbles to mix with the solution. Turn the vial upside down and draw the insulin slowly.

If you do get air bubbles into the syringe, it's ok with most insulins to re-inject the insulin into the vial and draw again until the air is gone^[17]. Check that this is ok with your insulin. See also injecting insulin. Slower draw is less likely to draw bubbles.

Another way to get rid of syringe air bubbles is to hold the syringe upright and give it a tap or two with your finger. The problem with having air bubbles in the injection is that you will not be getting the full dose of insulin; the bubbles take the place of it^[18].

Some people prefer to gently jiggle their vials to make any air bubbles rise to the top, away from where the needle will draw^[19].

Insulin tips

Cold insulin

Insulin^[20] can sting, regardless of what species, type or brand. Bringing the insulin to room temperature by removing it from the fridge before actually using it can help avoid painful injections. Warming the capped insulin syringe with your hands can have the same effect^[21]. Some people tuck the capped and filled syringe under their arm for a few minutes to warm it before use. Do NOT attempt to warm insulin using a stove, microwave, etc.; you may destroy the insulin by doing so^[22].

Do not use the insulin if

Before each use, take a moment to inspect the insulin prior to drawing it into the syringe; clear insulins should appear not discolored and clear; suspended insulins should be uniform in their cloudiness^[23].

Do not use the insulin if:

The bottle appears to be frosted^[24]^[25]^[26]^[27]^[28].

Clear insulin that looks discolored or has turned cloudy, or any containing particles or haze^[29].

Cloudy insulin that appears yellowish or remains lumpy or clotted after mixing^[30]^[31].

Injection problems

There are sometimes leakage problems, when some insulin is lost when the needle is removed from the skin^[32]. Some possible reasons and "fixes" for this are holding the "pinch" or "squeeze" too long which you made to give the shot.

The skin, now with insulin under it, is still being "squeezed" as it was before the insulin went under the skin. The "pinch" forces some of the insulin back out from the newly-created hole in the skin.

Releasing the "squeeze" or "pinch" first, then counting to 10 before removing the needle from the skin may give the insulin time to penetrate the fat layer and prevent leakage. Short needles can also cause insulin leakage--switching to longer ones can also help.

References

[1] Tenting as shown with Simon

[2] Tenting shown on a hairless cat for clarity

[3] Sarasota Memorial Hospital Subcutaneous Injection Page 4

[4] FDMB discussion on injection technique

[5] Cornell University Feline Health Center:How to Give an Insulin Injection Flash Movie

[6] BD Diabetes-Drawing Insulin Animation with Narration

[7] BD Diabetes Slideshow-Injecting a Dog

[8] BD Diabetes Slideshow-Injecting a Cat

[9] PetDiabetes.org-Tips for Comfortable Injections

[10] Insulin-Dependent Diabetes-Dr. Ragnar Hanas-Page 21

[11] Lipoatrophy can Happen With Any Subcutaneous Insulin-Endocrine Abstracts-2006

[12] Common Human Insulin Injection Areas & Their Absorption Rates

[13] Joslyn Diabetes Center-Tips for Injecting Insulin

[14] BD Diabetes-FAQ's About Diabetic Dogs-Dr. Greco

[15] Better Medicine E-Newsletter-June 2006

[16] Vetsulin-Preparing Insulin & Giving Injection-Page 2

[17] Injecting Insulin-Transcript of American Diabetes Association Videotape-2003

[18] American Diabetes Association 2002 Position Statement-Insulin Administration

[19] Diabetes Self-Management-Injecting Insulin 101

[20] Injecting Cold Insulin

[21] PetTalk.com-Tips and Tricks from Pet Owners

[22] FAQs.org-Travelling With Insulin

[23] RxEd.org-Insulin Therapy-Stability & Storage

[24] Flocculation & Loss of Potency of Human NPH Insulin-Diabetes /Care-ADA-1988

[25] Flocculation of NPH Insulin-Revista Clinica Espanola-(English Translation)-1994

[26] Frosting Caused in NPH/Isophane Insulin By Heat/Cold-Journal-Diabetes.org-1998

[27] Dorlands Medical Dictionary-Definition of Flocculation

[28] ADA-Diabetes Forecast, 2006-Storage & Safety-Frosting of NPH, Lente, Ultralente Insulins-Page 5

[29] Diabetesnet.com-Humalog & Heat

[30] Injection Insulin-Transcript of American Diabetes Association Videotape-2003

[31] ADA-Diabetes Forecast, 2006-Storage & Safety-Particles or Clumps in NPH, Lente, Ultralente Insulins-Page 5

[32] Insulin Leaking From Injection Site

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[Image:1-3.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Close-up illustration of a syringe needle showing bevel, point and heel.]]Injecting insulin at home is done [[subcutaneously]], under the skin, but not into muscle or vein.   See also [[Syringe]] and [[Insulin pen]].
+[[Image:1-3.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Close-up illustration of a syringe needle showing bevel, point and heel.]]Injecting insulin at home is done [[subcutaneously]], under the skin, but not into muscle or vein. See also [[Syringe]] and [[Insulin pen]].
-<br clear=all>
+<br clear=all/>
 ==How to inject subcutaneously==
-It's best to pull up some loose skin into a tent<ref>[http://www.sugarcatsimon.com/tenting.html Tenting as shown with Simon]</ref><ref>[http://romlin.com/jock/InsulinLevemir/ Tenting shown on a hairless cat for clarity]</ref>, then insert the needle firmly, bevel side up<ref>[http://www.uic.edu/com/cpc/Assessment%20Checklist2.pdf Clinical Skills Assessments, Univ. of Illinois at Chicago (pdf)]</ref><ref>[http://www.felinediabetes.com/phorum5/read.php?8,393594 FDMB discussion on injection technique]</ref> for comfort<ref>[http://www.felinevideos.vet.cornell.edu/diabetes/3.htm Cornell University Feline Health Center:How to Give an Insulin Injection Flash Movie]</ref>.
+It's best to pull up some loose skin into a tent<ref>[http://www.sugarcatsimon.com/tenting.html Tenting as shown with Simon]</ref><ref>[http://romlin.com/jock/InsulinLevemir/ Tenting shown on a hairless cat for clarity]</ref>, then insert the needle firmly, bevel side up<ref>[http://www.smh.com/sections/services-procedures/medlib/nursing/Procedures/Injection/inj01_Preperation_111907.pdf Sarasota Memorial Hospital Subcutaneous Injection Page 4]</ref><ref>[http://www.felinediabetes.com/phorum5/read.php?8,393594 FDMB discussion on injection technique]</ref> for comfort<ref>[http://www.felinevideos.vet.cornell.edu/diabetes/3.htm Cornell University Feline Health Center:How to Give an Insulin Injection Flash Movie]</ref>.
 [[Image:Propinj.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Correct way to give an injection when "tenting" the skin. This makes sure the insulin is injected into the skin flap created by "tenting" it. When the skin "tent" is released, the injected insulin is under it, or subcutaneous.]][[Image:Improp.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Wrong way to give a shot: The needle has totally passed through the "tented skin". The insulin, or any other injected drug, will be injected into the air. Note that in this graphic, the injection point is much closer to the "pinch" area holding the "tent" up. In the correct graphic, the injection point is closer to the body.]]
-<br clear=all>
+<br clear=all/>{C
 BD has animations with narrations to help you learn how to draw insulin properly<ref>[http://www.bd.com/us/diabetes/page.aspx?cat=7001&id=7258 BD Diabetes-Drawing Insulin Animation with Narration]</ref>. One can select from drawing one insulin or combining two insulins in the same syringe. Selecting this and the style of syringe you use personalizes the demo for your needs. The presentation is very clear and unhurried.
 BD also has a slideshow which shows how to inject your dog<ref>[http://www.bd.com/us/diabetes/page.aspx?cat=7001&id=7433 BD Diabetes Slideshow-Injecting a Dog]</ref> or cat<ref>[http://www.bd.com/us/diabetes/page.aspx?cat=7001&id=7434 BD Diabetes Slideshow-Injecting a Cat]</ref>.
-<br clear=both>
+<br clear=both/>
 ==Injection tips==
-* Do '''NOT''' wipe the needle with alcohol as it removes the protective coating.  The coating makes injection easier and less painful<ref>[http://www.indulgedfurries.com/petdiabetes/tips.htm PetDiabetes.org-Tips for Comfortable Injections]</ref>.
+* Do '''NOT''' wipe the needle with alcohol as it removes the protective coating. The coating makes injection easier and less painful<ref>[http://www.indulgedfurries.com/petdiabetes/tips.htm PetDiabetes.org-Tips for Comfortable Injections]</ref>.
-* Injecting any insulin at the same site repeatedly over time or [[Syringe|blunting a needle]] with re-use<ref>[http://www.childrenwithdiabetes.com/download/hanas_pump.pdf Insulin-Dependent Diabetes-Dr. Ragnar Hanas-Page 21]</ref> can cause a [[lipodystrophy]]: either [[lipoatrophy]]<ref>[http://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0012/ea0012p40.htm Lipoatrophy can Happen With Any Subcutaneous Insulin-Endocrine Abstracts-2006]</ref> or [[lipohypertrophy]]. Either makes [[absorption]] unreliable.  But varying the injection site can cause variability in action profile, too. This page illustrates<ref>[http://www.bd.com/us/diabetes/page.aspx?cat=7001&id=7542 Common Human Insulin Injection Areas & Their Absorption Rates]</ref> illustrates the most common areas humans with diabetes inject insulin and explains how [[absorption]] differs in various areas of the human body.  This is true for ALL insulins. The new shot area needn't be very far from where the last shot was given--the distance of the width of 2 fingers will do fine as a measure<ref>[http://www.joslin.org/managing_your_diabetes_3210.asp Joslyn Diabetes Center-Tips for Injecting Insulin]</ref>. Most of us dealing with pet diabetes vary the side we give the injections in--right side mornings and left side evenings, for example. This is another help in avoiding giving shots in the same areas<ref>[http://www.bd.com/us/diabetes/main.aspx?cat=7001&id=7404 BD Diabetes-FAQ's About Diabetic Dogs-Dr. Greco]</ref>.
+* Injecting any insulin at the same site repeatedly over time or [[Syringe|blunting a needle]] with re-use<ref>[http://www.childrenwithdiabetes.com/download/hanas_pump.pdf Insulin-Dependent Diabetes-Dr. Ragnar Hanas-Page 21]</ref> can cause a [[lipodystrophy]]: either [[lipoatrophy]]<ref>[http://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0012/ea0012p40.htm Lipoatrophy can Happen With Any Subcutaneous Insulin-Endocrine Abstracts-2006]</ref> or [[lipohypertrophy]]. Either makes [[absorption]] unreliable. But varying the injection site can cause variability in action profile, too. This page illustrates<ref>[http://www.bd.com/us/diabetes/page.aspx?cat=7001&id=7542 Common Human Insulin Injection Areas & Their Absorption Rates]</ref> illustrates the most common areas humans with diabetes inject insulin and explains how [[absorption]] differs in various areas of the human body. This is true for ALL insulins. The new shot area needn't be very far from where the last shot was given--the distance of the width of 2 fingers will do fine as a measure<ref>[http://www.joslin.org/managing_your_diabetes_3210.asp Joslyn Diabetes Center-Tips for Injecting Insulin]</ref>. Most of us dealing with pet diabetes vary the side we give the injections in--right side mornings and left side evenings, for example. This is another help in avoiding giving shots in the same areas<ref>[http://www.bd.com/us/diabetes/main.aspx?cat=7001&id=7404 BD Diabetes-FAQ's About Diabetic Dogs-Dr. Greco]</ref>.
-* Many people give insulin shots in the scruff of the pet's neck, which is now considered to be a less than optimum choice.  The neck area provides poor insulin [[Absorption]], due to it not having many capillaries, veins. etc. (vascularization).  Other sites suggested by Dr. Greco include the flank and armpit<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20070208103248/http://bettermedicine.intervetusa.com/june2006/managing_diabetes.html Better Medicine E-Newsletter-June 2006]</ref>.  Intervet recommends giving injections from just back of the shoulder blades to just in front of the hipbone on either side, from 1 to 2 inches from the middle of the back<ref>[http://www.vetsulin.com/PDF/20591.pdf Vetsulin-Preparing Insulin & Giving Injection-Page 2]</ref>.
+* Many people give insulin shots in the scruff of the pet's neck, which is now considered to be a less than optimum choice. The neck area provides poor insulin [[Absorption]], due to it not having many capillaries, veins. etc. (vascularization). Other sites suggested by Dr. Greco include the flank and armpit<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20070208103248/http://bettermedicine.intervetusa.com/june2006/managing_diabetes.html Better Medicine E-Newsletter-June 2006]</ref>. Intervet recommends giving injections from just back of the shoulder blades to just in front of the hipbone on either side, from 1 to 2 inches from the middle of the back<ref>[http://www.vetsulin.com/PDF/20591.pdf Vetsulin-Preparing Insulin & Giving Injection-Page 2]</ref>.
 *'''To eliminate bubbles''': If drawing insulin from a vial, set the syringe plunger to the dosage you want to draw, put the needle into the top of the vial while the vial is still upright, and push all the air out of the syringe. This will maintain air pressure equilibrium in the vial once you draw the dose and, because the vial is upright, will not cause air bubbles to mix with the solution. Turn the vial upside down and draw the insulin slowly.
-:*If you do get air bubbles into the syringe, it's ok with most insulins to re-inject the insulin into the vial and draw again until the air is gone<ref>[http://www.med.umich.edu/esn/diabetes/injectingin.htm Injecting Insulin-Transcript of American Diabetes Association Videotape-2003]</ref>.   Check that this is ok with your insulin. See also [[injecting insulin]].  Slower draw is less likely to draw bubbles.
+:*If you do get air bubbles into the syringe, it's ok with most insulins to re-inject the insulin into the vial and draw again until the air is gone<ref>[http://www.med.umich.edu/esn/diabetes/injectingin.htm Injecting Insulin-Transcript of American Diabetes Association Videotape-2003]</ref>. Check that this is ok with your insulin. See also [[injecting insulin]]. Slower draw is less likely to draw bubbles.
-:*Another way to get rid of syringe air bubbles is to hold the syringe upright and give it a tap or two with your finger.  The problem with having air bubbles in the injection is that you will not be getting the full dose of insulin; the bubbles take the place of it<ref> [http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/25/suppl_1/s112 American Diabetes Association 2002 Position Statement-Insulin Administration]</ref>.
+:*Another way to get rid of syringe air bubbles is to hold the syringe upright and give it a tap or two with your finger. The problem with having air bubbles in the injection is that you will not be getting the full dose of insulin; the bubbles take the place of it<ref> [http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/25/suppl_1/s112 American Diabetes Association 2002 Position Statement-Insulin Administration]</ref>.
 :*Some people prefer to gently jiggle their vials to make any air bubbles rise to the top, away from where the needle will draw<ref>[http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/article.cfm?SSL=n&AID=327&page=4 Diabetes Self-Management-Injecting Insulin 101]</ref>.
@@ Line 30: / Line 31: @@
 ==Insulin tips==
 ===Cold insulin===
-Insulin<ref>[http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/25/suppl_1/s112 Injecting Cold Insulin]</ref> can sting, regardless of what species, type or brand. Bringing the insulin to room temperature by removing it from the fridge before actually using it can help avoid painful injections.  Warming the capped insulin syringe with your hands can have the same effect<ref>[http://www.petalk.com/feline-diabetes.html PetTalk.com-Tips and Tricks from Pet Owners]</ref>.  Some people tuck the capped and filled syringe under their arm for a few minutes to warm it before use. Do '''NOT''' attempt to warm insulin using a stove, microwave, etc.; you may destroy the insulin by doing so<ref>[http://petdiabetes.wikia.com/wiki/Obstacles_to_regulation#Insulin_problems FAQs.org-Travelling With Insulin]</ref>.
+Insulin<ref>[http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/25/suppl_1/s112 Injecting Cold Insulin]</ref> can sting, regardless of what species, type or brand. Bringing the insulin to room temperature by removing it from the fridge before actually using it can help avoid painful injections. Warming the capped insulin syringe with your hands can have the same effect<ref>[http://www.petalk.com/feline-diabetes.html PetTalk.com-Tips and Tricks from Pet Owners]</ref>. Some people tuck the capped and filled syringe under their arm for a few minutes to warm it before use. Do '''NOT''' attempt to warm insulin using a stove, microwave, etc.; you may destroy the insulin by doing so<ref>[http://petdiabetes.wikia.com/wiki/Obstacles_to_regulation#Insulin_problems FAQs.org-Travelling With Insulin]</ref>.
 ===Do not use the insulin if===
@@ Line 45: / Line 46: @@
 '''Do not use the insulin if:'''
-*The bottle appears to be frosted<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=3203573&query_hl=3&itool=pubmed_DocSum Flocculation & Loss of Potency of Human NPH Insulin-Diabetes /Care-ADA-1988]</ref><ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8153409&query_hl=3&itool=pubmed_DocSum Flocculation of NPH Insulin-Revista Clinica Espanola-(English Translation)-1994]</ref><ref>[http://journal.diabetes.org/diabetescare/FullText/Supplements/DiabetesCare/Supplement299/B109.asp Frosting Caused in NPH/Isophane Insulin By Heat/Cold-Journal-Diabetes.org-1998]</ref><ref>[http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/three/000040914.htm Dorlands Medical Dictionary-Definition of Flocculation]</ref><ref>[http://www.diabetes.org/uedocuments/rg06_insulin.pdf ADA-Diabetes Forecast, 2006-Storage & Safety-Frosting of NPH, Lente, Ultralente Insulins-Page 5]</ref>.
+*The bottle appears to be frosted<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=3203573&query_hl=3&itool=pubmed_DocSum Flocculation & Loss of Potency of Human NPH Insulin-Diabetes /Care-ADA-1988]</ref><ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8153409&query_hl=3&itool=pubmed_DocSum Flocculation of NPH Insulin-Revista Clinica Espanola-(English Translation)-1994]</ref><ref>[http://journal.diabetes.org/diabetescare/FullText/Supplements/DiabetesCare/Supplement299/B109.asp Frosting Caused in NPH/Isophane Insulin By Heat/Cold-Journal-Diabetes.org-1998]</ref><ref>[http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/three/000040914.htm Dorlands Medical Dictionary-Definition of Flocculation]</ref><ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20060421014422/http://www.diabetes.org/uedocuments/rg06_insulin.pdf ADA-Diabetes Forecast, 2006-Storage & Safety-Frosting of NPH, Lente, Ultralente Insulins-Page 5]</ref>.
 *Clear insulin that looks discolored or has turned cloudy, or any containing particles or haze<ref>[http://www.diabetesnet.com/diabetes_treatments/insulin_humalog_heat.php Diabetesnet.com-Humalog & Heat]</ref>.
-*Cloudy insulin that appears yellowish or remains lumpy or clotted after [[Resuspending insulin|mixing]]<ref>[http://www.med.umich.edu/esn/diabetes/injectingin.htm Injection Insulin-Transcript of American Diabetes Association Videotape-2003]</ref><ref>[http://www.diabetes.org/uedocuments/rg06_insulin.pdf ADA-Diabetes Forecast, 2006-Storage & Safety-Particles or Clumps in NPH, Lente, Ultralente Insulins-Page 5]</ref>.
+*Cloudy insulin that appears yellowish or remains lumpy or clotted after [[Resuspending insulin|mixing]]<ref>[http://www.med.umich.edu/esn/diabetes/injectingin.htm Injection Insulin-Transcript of American Diabetes Association Videotape-2003]</ref><ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20060421014422/http://www.diabetes.org/uedocuments/rg06_insulin.pdf ADA-Diabetes Forecast, 2006-Storage & Safety-Particles or Clumps in NPH, Lente, Ultralente Insulins-Page 5]</ref>.
 |}
 ==Injection problems==
 There are sometimes leakage problems, when some insulin is lost when the needle is removed from the skin<ref>[http://www.childrenwithdiabetes.com/dteam/2006-04/d_0d_dty.htm Insulin Leaking From Injection Site]</ref>. Some possible reasons and "fixes" for this are holding the "pinch" or "squeeze" too long which you made to give the shot.
-The skin, now with insulin under it, is still being "squeezed" as it was before the insulin went under the skin.  The "pinch" forces some of the insulin back out from the newly-created hole in the skin.
+The skin, now with insulin under it, is still being "squeezed" as it was before the insulin went under the skin. The "pinch" forces some of the insulin back out from the newly-created hole in the skin.
 Releasing the "squeeze" or "pinch" first, then counting to 10 before removing the needle from the skin may give the insulin time to penetrate the fat layer and prevent leakage. Short needles can also cause insulin leakage--switching to longer ones can also help.
-See also [[diluting insulin]], [[fine doses]], [[combining insulin]], [[rolling insulin]], [[syringe|syringes]] and [[insulin pen]]s.
+See also [[diluting insulin]], [[fine doses]], [[combining insulin]], [[rolling insulin]], [[syringe]]s and [[insulin pen]]s.
 ==Further Reading==
@@ Line 69: / Line 70: @@
 *[http://www.sugarpet.net/injecting.html Sugarpet Tatty being injected],
 *[http://www.sugarcatsimon.com/tenting.html Bob injecting his cat Stranger]
 *[http://romlin.com/jock/InsulinLevemir/ Steve injecting his cat Jock.]
 *[http://www.bd.com/us/diabetes/page.aspx?cat=7001&id=7434 Insulin Injections Slideshow]
 *[http://www.cat-dog-diabetes.com/cats-injection-technique.htm Another one for Cats]
@@ Line 82: / Line 83: @@
 *[http://www.bd.com/us/diabetes/page.aspx?cat=7001&id=7433 BD Pictorial for dogs Insulin Injections Slideshow]
 *[http://www.cat-dog-diabetes.com/dogs-injection-technique.htm Another one for Dogs]
-*[http://www.bd.com/us/diabetes/page.aspx?cat=7001&id=7395  BD Diabetes--Selecting Injection Sites]
+*[http://www.bd.com/us/diabetes/page.aspx?cat=7001&id=7395 BD Diabetes--Selecting Injection Sites]
+*  [http://ivermectinfordogs.org/dog-ear-infection Dog ear infection]
+*  [http://ivermectinfordogs.org/pancreatitis-in-dogs Pancreatitis in dogs]
+*  [http://ivermectinfordogs.org Ivermectin for dogs]
+*  [http://ivermectinfordogs.org/how-long-are-dogs-pregnant-before-they-giving-birth How long are dogs pregnant]
+*  [http://ivermectinfordogs.org/constipation-in-dog-causes-symptoms-and-treatment Constipation in dog]
+*[http://ivermectinfordogs.org/why-do-dogs-eat-grass Why do dogs eat grass ]
+*[http://ivermectinfordogs.org/save-5-off-with-purina-dog-chow-coupons Purina dog chow coupons ]
+[[Category:Insulins]]
+[[Category:Tips]]
+[[Category:Treatments]]
+[[Category:Introduction]]
 ===Dogs - Online Videos===
@@ Line 98: / Line 110: @@
 ===Online Videos===
-*[http://www.felinevideos.vet.cornell.edu/diabetes/3.htm Cornell University Feline Health Center-Giving Insulin Injections Flash Movie]<br>This contains good general information about drawing insulin and how to give insulin injections--not strictly for cats.
+*[http://www.felinevideos.vet.cornell.edu/diabetes/3.htm Cornell University Feline Health Center-Giving Insulin Injections Flash Movie]<br />This contains good general information about drawing insulin and how to give insulin injections--not strictly for cats.
-*[http://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/ClientED/diabetes.aspx Washington State University-Diabetes Mellitus]<br>Good general information with photos and tips about drawing insulin.
+*[http://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/ClientED/diabetes.aspx Washington State University-Diabetes Mellitus]<br />Good general information with photos and tips about drawing insulin.
 *[http://www.petalk.com/feline-diabetes.html PetTalk.com-Tips and Tricks from Pet Owners-Alternative to Tent Method Technique]
 *[http://www.bd.com/us/diabetes/page.aspx?cat=7001&id=7258 BD Animations-Drawing Insulin]
@@ Line 105: / Line 117: @@
 ==References==
 <references/>
+[[Category:Insulins]]
-[[Category:Insulins]][[Category:Tips]][[Category:Treatments]]
+[[Category:Tips]]
+[[Category:Treatments]]
 [[Category:Introduction]]

Changes: Injecting insulin

Revision as of 09:26, 29 August 2014

Contents

How to inject subcutaneously

Injection tips

Insulin tips

Cold insulin

Do not use the insulin if

Injection problems

Further Reading

Cats - Pictorials

Cats - Online videos

Dogs - Pictorials

Dogs - Online Videos

Dogs - Injection Time Tips

Injection Site Rotation

Online Videos

References